Similarly, over short time periods past smoking has a strong impact on current smoking however, as time passes the effects of past smoking are quickly reduced (e.g., Griffiths & Henningfield, 1982 Zacny & Stitzer, 1985). For instance, heavy smokers tend to highly value immediately available cigarettes, while discounting the value of cigarettes available in the future at high rates (i.e., temporal discounting e.g., Bickel et al., 1999). One hallmark of addiction is the distinctive tendency of drug users to exhibit limited temporal horizons. The term `temporal horizon' describes the window of time over which experiences in the past and the expectation of events in the future affect current behavior. In addition, we suggest that the quantitative description of satiety provided by our procedures may validate drug replacement therapies involved in cessation treatments. These findings provide evidence of the limited temporal horizons related to smoking bouts of smokers and may provide a useful measure for metabolism differences across populations. Breakpoints were also a function of previous smoking, and latencies to first puff of the session followed a similar trend. At temporal distances ranging from 30 min to 90 min, the individual's smoking returned to levels that were similar to baseline. We found that current smoking for the group was reduced from baseline levels when the temporal distance was 0 min. Temporal distance between these two opportunities to smoke was varied from 0 min to 120 min. Following the baseline phase, we examined the effects of temporal distance when an earlier opportunity to smoke (upon completion of a FR100) preceded current smoking (upon completion of a PR). Baseline sessions measured how much was smoked in a current opportunity when it was preceded by a two-hour wait time in which no smoking was allowed. ![]() The purpose of this experiment was to examine the time period over which smoking was influenced by an earlier opportunity to smoke. One of the hallmarks of drug addiction is a limitation of the temporal horizon of events that affect the behavior of drug users.
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